Lapwings are medium-sized wading birds belonging to the subfamily Vanellinae of the family Charadriidae, which also includes the plovers and dotterels. A lapwing can be thought of as a larger plover.

Curlew is the common name for the bird genus Numenius, a group of eight wader species, characterized by a long slender downcurved bill and mainly brown plumage with little seasonal change.

The Canada Goose belongs to the Branta genus of geese, which contains species with largely black plumage, distinguishing them from the grey species of the Anser genus.

Swans are large water birds of the family Anatidae, which also includes geese and ducks. Swans usually mate for life, though "divorce" does sometimes occur, particularly following nesting failure.

Pheasant are characterized by strong sexual dimorphism, with males being highly ornate with bright colours and adornments such as wattles and long tails. Males are usually larger than the females, and have longer tails than them. Males play no part in rearing the young.